Exploration of the scientific principles governing natural systems and their contribution to understanding the emergence and biological evolution of humans, the role of environment in shaping human behavioral and cultural variation, and the consequences of human activity on local, regional, and global ecosystems.

This course empowers students by teaching them how to turn their degree in anthropology into a career. Themes explored include professional qualifications, standards, ethics, job searches, CV and resume building, and communication skills. Academic and applied pathways are explored. Students will produce an employment portfolio as a final product.

Introduction of the theoretical framework of Conservation Biology using primates as examples, including population demographics, life-history strategies, primate ecological services, human activities affecting primate populations (e.g., habitat loss, hunting, climate change), and conservation strategies and tactics. Time will be dedicated to understanding the interconnectedness of primates, ecosystems, and human wellbeing.

Human osteology is the study of our bones. Osteology is relevant to disciplines that depend on detailed knowledge of the human body, e.g., forensic anthropology and paleoanthropology. Students will learn to identify and describe bones and use a comparative approach to understand their function and evolution. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate students explore in greater depth the evolutionary roots of the human skeletal system through one or more of the following: reading and discussing with the instructor sections from the following books: • The Human Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Anatomy, by John Langdon • Human Evolutionary Anatomy, by Leslie Aiello and Christopher Dean; writing and presenting an in-depth research paper (10 pages) focusing on a particular aspect of human osteology based on study of natural specimens and the primary scientific literature; guest-lecturing on their own ongoing research interests.

The archaeology and history of eastern North America. Topics to be explored include Indigenous population movements, human-environment interactions, cultural differentiation and ethnogenesis, economy and exchange systems, mortuary practices, social organization and stratification, European exploration, settler colonialism and enslavement, and how archaeology intersects with contemporary social and political issues. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate student performance is evaluated according to higher standards. Graduate students will also be expected to produce an additional research paper on a topic relevant to their scholarly objectives.

A survey of archaeological evidence for the transition from foraging to farming and herding throughout the world, its causes, and its consequences. Emphasis is on evidence obtained from archaeological studies of human, plant, and non-human animal remains from archaeological sites in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: In addition to five brief review papers, Graduate students are expected to write a formal research paper and present their paper to the class (approximately a twenty minute presentation). The five review papers, the final paper, and the class presentation combined will constitute 25 percent of their grade. Undergraduates will only be expected to write the short review papers.

Students will learn about the social, cultural, economic, and political processes that have contributed to the evolution of cities in ancient and modern societies. Students will be able to identify and interpret similarities and differences in urbanization processes, urban features, and their associations in past and current societies. Students will gain an understanding of city development as it relates to sustainability and resilience. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate students will be required to consult additional readings, produce written critiques of selected readings, and write a comparative research paper or an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant proposal.

The major human issues related to contemporary conservation initiatives. As these initiatives expand and proliferate, their impact is felt more widely and acutely by local communities, and anthropologists have more opportunities to engage in the process. Examination of various conservation approaches, their impacts on communities, and the ways in which anthropologists have and can contribute to the process. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate students in the course will be required to read a conservation-focused monograph, such as Paige West's Conservation is our Government Now and to meet with the instructor outside of class to discuss the book. Graduate students will collaborate to produce and deliver a lecture on the book for their undergraduate classmates. Each graduate student will also produce a 25-page term paper (rather than the 12-15 page required for undergraduates) and will give a 30- minute lecture on their topic (rather than a 10-minute conference-style presentation for undergraduates).

Anthropology is the study of human diversity. Economics is the study of how people make decisions about resources. Economic anthropology examines the diversity of peoples' preferences, choices, behaviors, habits, activities, customs, and institutions relating to resources. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate students will take different exams, commensurate with their additional required readings and higher expectations.

History of ships, harbors, and human-sea interaction, particularly in the Mediterranean and Near East, until the Industrial Revolution. Covers archaeological methods for identifying and analyzing maritime sites; the evolution of shipbuilding technology and seafaring; and contemporary issues of heritage management, climate change, and human impacts on maritime heritage within marine ecosystems. When this course is taught as a split level, additional requirements for graduate students: Graduate students will be required to write a final paper on a topic in maritime archaeology. Their responses to discussion topics will be thoughtful and thorough reflections commensurate with their educational background in archaeology.